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Nikolaus Friedreich (July 1, 1825, Würzburg – 6 July 1882, Heidelberg) was a German pathologist and neurologist, and a third generation physician in the Friedreich family. His father was psychiatrist Johann Baptist Friedreich (1796-1862), and his grandfather was pathologist Nicolaus Anton Friedreich (1761-1836), who is remembered for his early description of idiopathic facial paralysis, which would later be known as Bell's palsy.〔(''Bell's paralysis'' ) @ Who Named It〕 In the early part of his career he studied and practiced medicine at the University of Würzburg under the tutelage of noted men such as physiologist Albert von Kölliker and pathologist Rudolf Virchow. He later became a professor of pathological anatomy at the University of Würzburg, and in 1858 he was appointed professor of pathology and therapy at the University of Heidelberg, where he remained for the rest of his career. Some of his better known students and assistants included Adolf Kussmaul, Wilhelm Heinrich Erb and Friedrich Schultze. Friedreich was involved in the establishment of pathological correlations, notably in research of muscular dystrophy, spinal ataxia and brain tumors. He is remembered today for "Friedreich's ataxia", which he identified in 1863. It is a degenerative disease with sclerosis of the spinal cord which affects a person's speech, balance and coordination. == Associated eponyms == * ''Friedreich's disease'' or Friedreich's syndrome (paramyoclonus multiplex): an hereditary disease characterized by brief, sudden muscular contractions in the proximal muscles of the extremities. * ''Friedreich's foot'' or pes cavus: abnormally high arches in the feet. * ''Friedreich's sign'': collapse of cervical veins that were previously distended during diastole (heart relaxation), and is caused by an adherent pericardium. * ''Friedreich's sound change'': term for difference in tension (pitch of percussion note) in the cavum wall during expiration and inspiration. * ''Friedreich-Auerbach disease'': hypertrophy of the tongue, ears and facial features. Named with anatomist Leopold Auerbach. * ''Friedreich-Erb-Arnold syndrome'': An osteodermopathic syndrome characterized by a corrugated overgrowth of the scalp (bull-dog scalp or cutis verticis gyrata), facial hypertrophy, clubbed digits due to soft tissue hyperplasia, enlarged hands and feet and elephantiasis. Named with Wilhelm Erb and Julius Arnold (1835-1915). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nikolaus Friedreich」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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